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'Violent Behavior' Occurs in Many Adult Sleepwalkers, Study Finds

Those with disorder risk injury, fatigue and other health problems, researchers report

By Kathleen Doheny

HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, March 8 (HealthDay News) -- Adults don't always outgrow sleepwalking, and among those who don't, 58 percent may become violent and sometimes injure either themselves or their sleeping partner, a new study shows.

Not only that, these sleepwalkers suffer a host of health problems during their waking hours, the researchers noted.

"Daytime sleepiness is a frequent problem in adults affected with sleepwalking," said study author Dr. Yves Dauvilliers, director of the sleep lab at Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital in Montpelier, France.

That's among the more obvious problems, he said. They also may experience depression, anxiety and lower quality of life.

Injuries, both to sleepwalkers and their bed partners, happen 17 percent of the time, Dauvilliers said. "Some patients have jumped out of windows," he said. "Some have walked on the house roof. And others fell down the stairs, with legs broken."

The study is published in the March issue of the journal Sleep.

For the research, Dauvilliers evaluated 100 adult sleepwalkers who came to the hospital sleep disorders clinic. The median age was 30. They were all evaluated on video one night in the sleep lab. The patients answered questions about any problems with sleep, fatigue, anxiety, depression and overall quality of life.

The patients also divulged details on possible known triggers for sleepwalking, such as stress, strong emotions, drinking alcohol or engaging in intense physical activity in the evening.

The researchers also interviewed 100 healthy people who did not sleepwalk and compared the results.

Of the sleepwalkers, nearly 23 percent did so nightly and 43.5 percent did it weekly. The median age for starting the habit was 9 years. More than half reported a family history of sleepwalking.

Compared to those who didn't sleepwalk, the sleepwalkers were more likely to have daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to feel their quality of life was lower.

In 17 percent of patients who became violent while asleep, medical care was needed for at least one episode of such behavior. The researchers defined violent behavior as "physically aggressive or potentially dangerous behaviors for patients and co-sleepers." They noted that for six patients (five males), a bed partner needed medical care after being attacked.

The findings are not a surprise to Dr. Maurice Ohayon, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University, who has published his own studies on sleepwalking. In his research, he has found that about 4 percent of the adult population sleepwalks.

The sleepwalkers studied by Dauvilliers, he said, are more severe cases than he found in his look at the general population. The study patients had been referred to a sleep clinic. Even so, he said he found some of the same issues with the sleepwalkers he studied. They often had a family history of the problem, and they reported depression and the need for sleeping pills due to insomnia.

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Teen ADHD May Increase Risk for Adult Problems

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Track your way to weight loss success Manage your family's vaccinations Join the conversation See more benefits Sign Up Why WebMD? My WebMD Show Menu My Tools My WebMD Pages My Account Sign Out FacebookTwitterPinterest WebMD Home Mental Health Center ADD & ADHD Health Center ADD & ADHD News Email a FriendPrint Article ADD & ADHD Health Center Tools & ResourcesMail-Order Pharmacies: Get the FactsIs It Adult ADHD? Is There an ADHD Diet?Drug-Free for ADHD What is Executive Function?Ready to Manage Your ADHD? Font Size A A A Teen ADHD May Raise Risk for Adult Problems ByKathleen Doheny
WebMD Health News Reviewed byHansa D. Bhargava, MD

Dec. 10 2012 -- Teens diagnosed with ADHD are likely to have an array of issues as adults, including problems with physical and mental health, work, and finances, according to new research.

''ADHD in adolescence has long-lasting effects on adjusting to the vicissitudes of life and is associated with difficulties in being a wage earner, worker, parent, and so forth," says researcher David W. Brook, MD, professor of psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine.

Brook and his colleagues looked at data that assessed teens at ages 14 and 16, and later as adults at 37. The original study began in 1975.

The analysis, published in Pediatrics, reports on the 551 men and women who completed the evaluation at several time points, ending in either 2005 or 2006.

Brook believes it may be the longest study to date that followed teens with ADHD to look at its later impact.

ADHD affects up to 7% or more of school-age children. They have trouble paying attention, often act impulsively, and can be very physically active.

ADHD in Children

Teens With ADHD: Tracking Future Risks

The researchers assessed how well the teens did as they moved through adolescence and into early adulthood. They evaluated physical and mental health, work performance, worries about finances, and other areas.

"We wanted to look at the long-term effects of ADHD in adolescence on later functioning," Brook says.

Compared to teens and young adults without ADHD, those with ADHD had:

Nearly twice the odds of having physical health problems More than twice the odds of having mental health issues More than five times the odds of having antisocial personality disorder More than twice the odds of having impaired work performance More than three the odds of having financial stress

About 40% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms into adulthood, according to research from the group Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD).

 

Why ADHD Issues May Persist

The study didn't go into why the problems of ADHD persist. However, Brook has a speculation.

"We think it has to do with impaired difficulty in the parent-child relationship when they are teens," he says.

Parents whose kids are diagnosed with ADHD may have difficulty forming a close, mutual parent-child relationship, says Brook. He is citing previous research by Judith S. Brook, EdD, also of NYU and a researcher on the new study.

A close parent-child relationship may help protect the person from later problems, he says.

The study did not look at treatments given and if that affected adult issues. However, the findings strongly suggest that doctors should focus on early diagnosis and treatment of teen ADHD, Brook says, to reduce the fallout as adults.

Outlook for Teens With ADHD: Perspective

"It's not surprising at all," says Ruth Hughes, PhD, the CEO of CHADD. Other studies have also found a link between teen ADHD and adult functioning.

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