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Tuesday, July 23, 2013
Gulp! Study Suggests Super-Size Soda Ban Could Fizzle
But the research didn't involve actual consumers or beverages
By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay ReporterWEDNESDAY, April 10 (HealthDay News) -- A new study may take the fizz out of New York City's bid to improve health by banning super-sized sugary drinks: It suggests restaurants could bypass the rules, and make more money to boot, by offering pairs of drinks that add up to forbidden sizes.
For now, the Big Apple's ban on drink sizes bigger than 16 ounces is moot -- a judge's ruling put it on hold last month. But if it's upheld, the study findings point to a major loophole, said lead author Brent Wilson, a psychology graduate student at the University of California, San Diego. "The risk is that regulations intended to reduce consumption could unintentionally increase consumption," he said.
However, the research has limitations. The study didn't involve actual drinks or an actual restaurant, and it didn't tackle the logistical issue of whether customers are willing to carry two smaller cups or bottles to get the punch of one big drink. Also, it didn't consider whether restaurants would think of the "drink-bundling" idea, although they may do so now that the study has brought it up.
At issue are giant cups and bottles of sugary soft drinks, which pack a punch of calories. While some restaurant owners and residents cried foul, New York City officials outlawed super-size drinks to combat the obesity epidemic.
"I'm trying to do what's right. I've got to defend my children . . . and everybody else and do what's right to save lives," said Mayor Michael Bloomberg, according to CBS News.
Inspired by the ban, Wilson and his colleagues created an experiment to gauge whether it might be possible for restaurants to get around the purpose of the law, which is to get people to drink less sugary soda.
The researchers asked 100 college students, aged 18 to 39, to consider choices on menus. One "unregulated" menu had these prices for sodas: $1.59 (16 ounces), $1.79 (24 ounces) and $1.99 (32 ounces). Those prices were all taken from a McDonald's menu at the time of the study.
Another menu, with "bundled" options, offered a 16-ounce soda for $1.59, a pair of 12-ounce drinks for $1.79, and a pair of 16-ounce drinks for $1.99. And a third "no bundle" menu only offered a 16-ounce drink for $1.59.
The researchers found that the participants wanted to buy more drinks when they had the choice of "bundling" them. When the participants only had a choice of just one size, only 62 percent chose to buy a soda, compared to 84 percent of those who had a choice of "bundled" options and 79 percent of those who faced the "unregulated" options.
Wilson said the study suggests that restaurants could make 70 percent more money from drinks if they offered the bundled options instead of just 16-ounce drinks. "The bundled options just felt like a better deal" to study participants, Wilson suggested.
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Elite Marathoner Shalane Flanagan's Gym Bag Essentials
Of everything that the ridiculously awesome elite runner Shalane Flanagan has done (competed in two Olympics, holds a slew of American records), we were shocked -- shocked! -- to learn she's never run the Boston Marathon. And what's more - the she's from Beantown! No doubt the crowd is gonna go nuts for their hometown hero, but for her, the race to Heartbreak Hill and beyond started way before she sets off from Hopkinton. Though most of us will never run Boston (women ages 18-34 need a qualifying time of 3:35:00), or a sub-2:30 marathon, we can at least train like her! And for that we ask, "Shalane, what is in your gym bag?"
When Shalane goes out for a run, she's clocking major miles -- she pounds out upwards of 117 miles a week! For that, she needs sophisticated, quick nutrition. Cue Gatorade drinks and chews, with their perfect combo of electrolytes, sodium, and hydration, made for serious athletes. They're going to fuel her Boston debut, too!
They're refreshing, crunchy, high in fiber and antioxidants, and totally portable, so we love them as much as she does. Shalane, can we interest you in some awesome apple recipes?
Blonde hair falling in your face when you're busy beasting your competitors? Nobody got time for that! Shalane confesses that she's addicted to them.
These support your lower legs and wick away sweat, which is great for her hard training days. And they go great with the Nike Frees she kicks it in at the gym.
We're huge SPF-pushers here at SELF, so we were stoked to learn that Shalane is so sun-smart. And chic to boot!
If you're doing it right, you're gonna be sweating. The scent is called "Marathon Fresh," which smells a little Old Spice-y. In a totally good way.
Check back on Monday for a full interview with Shalane, plus more Boston Marathon highlights!
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Image Credit: Victah Sailer
More Than a Quarter of Melanoma Survivors Skip Sunscreen, Study Finds
And 2 percent continue to use tanning beds, researchers report
By Amy Norton
HealthDay ReporterMONDAY, April 8 (HealthDay News) -- Even people who have survived melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, often fail to protect themselves from the sun, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that of 171 melanoma survivors in a U.S. survey, more than 25 percent said they never used sunscreen when spending more than an hour outside on a sunny day. What's more, 2 percent said they had used tanning beds in the past year.
"They did do a better job of protecting themselves than the average person," said lead researcher Dr. Anees Chagpar, an associate professor of surgery at Yale University's School of Medicine. "But there is room for improvement," she added.
"Maybe we need to be more vigilant about education," said Chagpar, who was to present the findings Monday at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting, in Washington, D.C.
The results are based on a 2010 government health survey that included 27,120 U.S. adults, 171 of whom reported a history of melanoma.
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer, accounting for less than 5 percent of skin cancers in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society. Still, most deaths from skin cancer are due to melanoma -- which often spreads to other parts of the body if it's not caught early.
Because too much ultraviolet (UV) light is a major melanoma risk factor, experts advise everyone to limit their exposure. That means staying in the shade, donning sunscreen and covering up when you're in the sun, and avoiding the tanning salon altogether.
You would expect that if anyone would follow that advice, it would be melanoma survivors, Chagpar said.
And some did, her team found. On days when they were going to be in the sun for more than an hour, one-third of melanoma survivors "always" wore sunscreen, versus 17 percent of other Americans. They were also more likely to always wear a cap (31 percent did) or a long-sleeved shirt (12 percent).
On the other hand, 27 percent of melanoma survivors said they never slathered on sunscreen before spending more than an hour in the sun.
"We were very surprised by that," Chagpar said. What "blew her mind," though, was the fact that 2 percent of melanoma survivors visited tanning beds.
She noted that other researchers are studying the possibility that tanning is addictive for some people. It's possible, Chagpar speculated, that even some melanoma survivors may be hooked on the experience.
A dermatologist not involved in the study agreed that some of the findings are troubling. "It is certainly concerning that a quarter of the melanoma survivors never wear sunscreen," said Dr. Hensin Tsao, a melanoma expert at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.
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Teen's Death From Chickenpox Highlights Need for Vaccination, CDC Reports
THURSDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- The death from chickenpox of an otherwise healthy 15-year-old Ohio girl should remind parents of the importance of vaccination against the disease, U.S. health officials reported Thursday.
The teenager was admitted to the hospital with severe chickenpox, also known as varicella, and died three weeks later because of serious complications, according to a case study provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"Varicella can be deadly, even in seemingly normal individuals," said Dr. Kenneth Bromberg, director of the Vaccine Research Center and chairman of pediatrics at the Brooklyn Hospital Center in New York City.
"It is likely that death would have been prevented with prior vaccination," he said.
Chickenpox, which is highly contagious, is usually a mild illness characterized by an uncomfortable, itchy rash. But it sometimes leads to serious illness and death, as this 2009 case demonstrated.
Infants, adults and people with weakened immune systems are at increased risk for severe chickenpox, but most chickenpox-related hospitalizations and deaths occurred among healthy people younger than 20 before the chickenpox vaccine was introduced in 1995, the CDC report said.
"One of the reasons for death is bacterial superinfection of skin lesions with Streptococcus pyogenes [group A strep]," said Bromberg. "The other is disseminated viral infection, which seems to have happened in this case."
The teenager had no underlying conditions that might have raised the odds for severe chickenpox, according to the report.
The article, published in the April 12 issue of the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, noted that the chickenpox vaccine is safe and more than 95 percent effective at preventing severe illness and death.
Since the vaccine became available, the number of chickenpox cases, hospitalizations and deaths in the United States has decreased substantially.
The 15-year-old's death demonstrates the importance of routine chickenpox vaccination, as well as catch-up vaccination of older children and teens to prevent chickenpox and its complications later in life when the disease may be more severe, the authors added.
Before chickenpox vaccination was included in routine childhood immunization, the disease caused about 11,000 hospitalizations and 100 to 150 deaths in the United States each year. The two dose-vaccine has led to declines of more than 95 percent in chickenpox-related illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths among people who have received routine vaccinations.
The CDC recommends children get the first dose of chickenpox vaccine at age 12 to 15 months and the second dose at age 4 to 6 years. Children, teens and adults who have not had a second dose -- and have not had chickenpox -- should get the catch-up vaccine.
Experts say adult vaccination is critical.
"The varicella vaccine is especially important for healthcare professionals, child care workers, teachers, residents and staff in nursing homes and people who care for or are around others with weakened immune systems," said Dr. Roya Samuels, a pediatrician at Cohen Children's Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y.
-- Robert Preidt 
Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCE: Kenneth Bromberg, M.D., F.A.A.P., F.I.D.S., director, Vaccine Research Center, and chairman, pediatrics, the Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York City; Roya Samuels, M.D., pediatrician, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, N.Y.; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, news release, April 11, 2013
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