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Do You Want to Deliver Your Baby Early?

By Joanne Barker
WebMD Feature

It’s your last month of pregnancy. You may feel worn out and more than ready for your baby to come. But if you’re tempted to shave a couple of weeks off this time, think again. Cutting your pregnancy short by even one or two weeks is not good for your baby.  

“For years, we thought babies born at 37 or 38 weeks were fine,” says Scott Berns, MD, MPH, FAAP, deputy medical director of the March of Dimes. But over the last 10 years, experts have learned that’s not true. “Babies born even a couple of weeks early have a higher chance of medical problems,” Berns says.

As more women try to plan childbirth around work, busy schedules, or their doctor’s vacation, it’s becoming popular to schedule delivery rather than wait for labor to start on its own.

The number of babies delivered through early induced labor almost doubled between 1992 and 2004. And the number of babies born between 36 and 38 weeks is going up, while the number of babies delivered at 39 weeks is going down.

That’s a problem. Even if your baby feels huge in your belly, important organs may still need to grow before he’s ready to enter the world. “Their brains aren’t fully developed. Their lungs aren’t fully developed. They have a higher risk of infections, and even a higher risk of death,” Berns says.  

Why Early Delivery May be Dangerous

Babies born earlier than 39 weeks are more likely to have serious medical conditions that land them in the intensive care unit.

Breathing problems because the baby’s lungs are not fully developed  Feeding problems because the baby may have trouble sucking or swallowingA serious infection that could be life threatening

Plus, babies born even a week or two early are often thinner, so they have a harder time staying warm. They’re also more likely to have vision or hearing problems throughout life.

When Early Delivery Is Your Only Option

Sometimes going full term is just too risky, so your doctor may recommend early delivery. It may make sense if you have diabetes or preeclampsia, if your baby isn’t growing, or if your water breaks. You want to make the best decision for your baby’s health and for your health. 

Play It Safe for Your Baby

Berns doesn’t blame pregnant women for the increase in early deliveries. They don’t realize the risk. “Over 90% of women believe it’s safe to deliver before 39 weeks. That’s a huge number,” he says.

To help reverse the trend, the March of Dimes has launched a campaign, Healthy Babies Are Worth the Wait. When parents find out how much the last weeks count, he says, they almost always decide to wait and let nature take its full course.

After all, you’d rather get to know your new baby at home, not surrounded by machines in intensive care.  

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Karolina Kurkova’s side-plait

Karolina Kurkova wears her hair in a side-swept blond braid – Hair Do's & Don'ts brought to you by Glamour.com. Visit Glamour.com for the latest dos and don'ts for hairstyles, with celebrity photos.

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Depressed Dads Affect Their Kids Even Before Born

By Rita Rubin
WebMD Health News

Jan. 7, 2013 -- Children whose dads were depressed during the pregnancy are more likely to exhibit emotional and behavioral problems at age 3, new research suggests.

The finding comes from an ongoing study of more than 30,000 Norwegian children. When their mothers were nearly halfway through their pregnancy, their fathers completed a mental health questionnaire that assessed anxiety and depression symptoms. The researchers also collected information from the parents about the mothers’ pre- and postnatal mental health and the children’s emotional and behavioral development at 36 months of age.

Three percent of the fathers had high levels of psychological distress, and their children had higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems -- even after the researchers took into account other possible contributing factors, such as the dad’s age, education, and marital status, and the mother’s mental health.

“This study suggests that some risk of future child emotional, behavioral, and social problems can be identified during pregnancy,” says researcher Anne Lise Kvalevaag, PsyD, a PhD candidate at the University of Bergen.

The researchers, whose report appears in the journal Pediatrics, cited several possible explanations for a link between fathers’ prenatal psychological distress and young children’s emotional and behavioral problems:

The children may have inherited a genetic susceptibility to such problems from their father.The expectant fathers’ depression may have negatively impacted the pregnant mothers’ mental health. A dad’s prenatal depression might simply predict he’ll be depressed after the baby is born.

“Fathers who have mental health difficulties during the prenatal period are likely to continue to have those difficulties during the child’s infancy, which may directly affect young children’s development,” says psychologist Elizabeth Harvey, PhD, of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Harvey published a study last month in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology about the link between early fathering and children’s behavior problems. The study found that fathers’ depression when the children were 3 predicted behavior problems when they were 6.

In a study published in Maternal and Child Health Journal last August, Michael Weitzman, MD, a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at New York University, found that depression in fathers was the single biggest predictor of depression in mothers. The study involved more than 7,000 U.S. moms and dads who lived with children aged 5 to 17.

In another study of approximately 22,000 kids in that same age group, published in the journal Pediatrics in 2011, Weitzman found that living with a father who had symptoms of depression and other mental health problems was associated with higher rates of emotional or behavioral problems in children.

Some of the negative consequences scientists attribute to the mother's depression might actually be due to the father's depression, Weitzman says. In addition, he says, depressed parents may be more likely to report their children as being depressed than non-depressed parents of kids who have the same behaviors.

Studies that follow fathers and children with or without psychological distress over time are needed to clarify the relationship between the mental health of dads and their offspring, Kvalevaag and her colleagues write.

While the Norwegian study has continued to collect mental health information from the mothers and children, it only questioned the fathers at 17 or 18 weeks into the pregnancy, Kvalevaag says.

Unfortunately, Weitzman says, “depression in fathers is a profoundly overlooked public health problem."

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Most Cancer Deaths Continue to Drop

Fewer Americans are dying from cancer.

This is one main take-away from the latest report on cancer death rates and new diagnoses of cancer in the U.S. This decline is seen among men and women across all major racial and ethnic groups, and for 17 of the most common types of cancer including lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers.

Still, not all of the news from the new report is positive.

Rates of death are on the rise from the potentially fatal form of skin cancer, melanoma, in men; uterine cancer in women; and liver and pancreatic cancer in both sexes. What’s more, the data show a rise in cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and that too few at-risk people are getting the vaccine that can help prevent these cancers.

“There is substantial good news in this report,” says researcher Edgar P. Simard, PhD, MPH. He is a senior epidemiologist in the Surveillance Research Program at the American Cancer Society (ACS) in Atlanta. 

The ACS, CDC, National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) all contributed to the new report.

Overall, cancer death rates decreased by 1.8% per year among men and by 1.4% per year among women from 2000 to 2009. Death rates among children up to 14 years of age decreased by 1.8% per year.

The reasons that fewer people are dying from cancer are likely earlier detection plus better treatments, Simard says. “With the exception of lung cancer, there are screening tests that can detect precancerous lesions or early cancer for the common types of cancer." And “in the past 10 years, targeted therapies that take into account the genes and molecular characteristics of individuals and tumors have shown promise.”

Some of this decline may also be related to healthier lifestyle choices such as not smoking.

But many outside experts say that we can’t rest on our laurels just yet.

“It is encouraging that the rates are going down, but we would like to see the curves dropping faster and death rates from all cancers declining,” says Leonard B. Saltz, MD. He is the chief of the gastrointestinal medical oncology service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. “We would like to have as few people as possible get cancer in the first place and the highest number of people survive if they do develop cancer.”

The report does find that between 2000 and 2009, overall rates of new diagnoses of cancer decreased by 0.6% per year among men, remained stable among women, and increased by 0.6% per year in children up to 14 years of age.

Cy Aaron Stein, MD, PhD, is worried that budget cutbacks will erode some of the gains seen in the new report. He is the chair of the Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research at City of Hope Cancer Center in Duarte, Calf.

“I am delighted, but it is not enough,” he says. “The real question is: Will these decreases continue in today’s financial climate? We know that as go the finances, so goes the [death] rate. There is no question that we have to cut back, because we are going to break the bank if we don’t.”

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